My wife had about 3.430 questions about the partitive.
From there I came to the conclusion that number
"2) Moved to Finland - learning first lots of phrases + words - grammar later?" has to be used.
That was after I saw these rules:
Singular
A word ending in a single vowel (except for i and e)
Use the partitive singular stem (in this case, the same as the basic stem) and -a or -ä (depending on vowel harmony).
A word ending in a double vowel
Use the partitive singular stem and -ta or -tä (depending on vowel harmony).
A word ending in a single -i
Find out if the final -i changes to -e in the genitive stem or remains an -i.
IF THE FINAL -I CHANGES TO -E AND DOES NOT END IN -HI, -LI, -NI, -RI OR -SI
Use the partitive singular stem with -e in place of the final -i plus -a or -ä (depending on vowel harmony).
IF THE FINAL -I CHANGES TO -E AND DOES END IN -HI, -LI, -NI, -RI OR -SI
Use the partitive singular stem without the -e and -ta or -tä (depending on vowel harmony).
IF THE FINAL -I REMAINS -I
Use the partitive singular stem retaining the final -i plus -a or -ä (depending on vowel harmony).
A word ending in a dipthong
Use the partitive singular stem (in this case, the same as the basic stem) and -a or -ä (depending on vowel harmony).
A word ending in a single -e
Use the partitive singular stem (in this case, the same as the basic stem) and -tta or -ttä (depending on vowel harmony).
A word ending in any consonant (except for non-plural t)
Use the partitive singular stem and -ta or -tä (depending on vowel harmony).
I discuss this in some other threads also here in 'Kielikoulu', just wanted to answer you here.
I have to say, that my brains can't handle the rules above.
I would need tons of examples, in order to get it (into my stubborn skull).
Before I begin to write day and night, I would like to have as many comments as possible. From gals & guys that are at different levels.
The quote above was taken from here:
http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/finnish/partitive.html
Henry