It is also a myth that there are teaching assistants in every classroom. There would only be a teaching assistant in a classroom where there is a child/children with severe learning disabilities or maybe some other issue such as a mobility problem or a health problem such as severe asthma or epilepsy etc. While every school has access to special ed teaching support, these specialists can't be physically present in every classroom all the time (and the budgets are not getting any bigger).
There is a National Core Curriculum that outlines the framework for each academic year. The National Core Curriculum does not stipulate the kinds of teaching methods that have to be used, so the teachers have the autonomy to decide HOW to organise the classroom based on their own training and experience. There's more on here:
http://www.oph.fi/english/curricula_and ... _education.
By "college", do you mean high school (we call it "lukio" here)?
A college can either be an academic high school or a vocational high school (the split in numbers of students is about 50/50) and in both cases entrance is selective (based on a grade point average) so it's true that continual assessment and grades are very important in upper secondary school (grades 7-9) as the level of achievement will determine which college the student can go to.
Lukios offer an academic curriculum leading to a High School Certificate (awarded on completion of all the compulsory courses) and a Matriculation Exam. The curriculum is quite broad and includes all the basic literacy and numeracy subjects. Most Lukio graduates go on to higher education in Finland or abroad.
Vocational High Schools are skills based and aim at getting students into employment or into further vocational education.